{"id":2700,"date":"2026-09-27T21:10:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-27T14:10:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/nuoc-duoc-dung\/"},"modified":"2026-09-28T21:21:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T14:21:42","slug":"nuoc-duoc-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/nuoc-duoc-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5ng \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5ng \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h1>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong> (H2<\/sub>O) l\u00e0 t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i, ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn<\/strong> chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 100% c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, v\u1eeba d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Kh\u00e1c m\u1ecdi t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng mua t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7<\/strong> \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, n\u00ean thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin nhanh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean kh\u00e1c<\/td>\nAqua, hydrogen oxide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00ean d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/td>\nBP, JP, USP: Purified water; Ph.Eur.: Aqua purificata (n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft); ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang cho n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u1ed1 CAS<\/td>\n7732-18-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u2013 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/td>\nH2<\/sub>O \u2013 18,02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\nDung m\u00f4i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th>\nD\u00f9ng cho<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (potable water)<\/td>\nN\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n u\u1ed1ng; th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft (purified water)<\/td>\nCh\u1ea5t d\u1eabn, dung m\u00f4i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i (WFI in bulk)<\/td>\nPha ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t pha ti\u00eam v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n<\/td>\nDung m\u00f4i pha lo\u00e3ng thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00ecm khu\u1ea9n pha ti\u00eam<\/td>\nDung m\u00f4i cho thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam \u0111a li\u1ec1u, thu\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf m\u1eaft (ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00edt<\/td>\nPha lo\u00e3ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00edt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda<\/td>\nPha lo\u00e3ng dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c: n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 CO2<\/sub><\/strong> (n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111un s\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh 5 ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i tr\u00e1nh h\u1ea5p thu CO2<\/sub>); n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed<\/strong> (\u0111un s\u00f4i 5 ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m oxy); n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng<\/strong> (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 120\u2013180 mg\/L CaCO3<\/sub>) v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m<\/strong> (\u2264 60 mg\/L CaCO3<\/sub>).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y: calci l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n gel c\u1ee7a alginat, pectin; n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u1ee7a siro ho v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch\/dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1ng sinh.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
  • S\u00f4i 100 \u00b0C, n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y 0 \u00b0C; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 374,2 \u00b0C, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 22,1 MPa.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i 78,54 (25 \u00b0C); t\u00edch s\u1ed1 ion 1,008 \u00d7 10\u221214<\/sup> (25 \u00b0C).<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,9971 (25 \u00b0C); chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t 1,3330 (20 \u00b0C); \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt 0,89 mPa\u00b7s (25 \u00b0C); s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 71,97 mN\/m (25 \u00b0C); \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i 3,17 kPa (25 \u00b0C).<\/li>\n
  • Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang 4,184 J\/g\/\u00b0C; \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y 6 kJ\/mol; \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a h\u01a1i 40,7 kJ\/mol.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft dung m\u00f4i ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
  • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc: n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, carbon h\u1eefu c\u01a1 to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n (TOC \u2264 0,5 mg\/L), nitrat, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, nh\u00f4m (khi d\u00f9ng cho d\u1ecbch th\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n), gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi sinh (Ph.Eur.: \u2264 102<\/sup> vi khu\u1ea9n\/mL); n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam th\u00eam n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n < 0,25 IU (EU)\/mL; n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n, ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

    N\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (r\u1eafn, l\u1ecfng, h\u01a1i). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • N\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam: bao b\u00ec k\u00edn; khi ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n
    • N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t pha ti\u00eam v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n: bao b\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n li\u1ec1u, \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ee7y tinh lo\u1ea1i I ho\u1eb7c II, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 1000 mL. N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00edt: \u0111\u01a1n li\u1ec1u, th\u1ee7y tinh lo\u1ea1i I\/II.<\/li>\n
    • N\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00ecm khu\u1ea9n pha ti\u00eam: bao b\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111a li\u1ec1u, th\u1ee7y tinh lo\u1ea1i I\/II, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 30 mL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      T\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef5<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cao \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m; ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 oxid c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (calci oxid, magnesi oxid); v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i khan t\u1ea1o hydrat; ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi calci carbid v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n

        N\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong> lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan b\u1eb1ng keo t\u1ee5, l\u1eafng, l\u1ecdc; b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed, clo h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c (ho\u1eb7c \u0111un s\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh 15\u201320 ph\u00fat); c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f9i v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc than.<\/p>\n

        N\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft<\/strong> s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t:<\/strong> thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3u n\u00e9n h\u01a1i g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, b\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch h\u01a1i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e9n; h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n n\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 107 \u00b0C r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p l\u1ea1nh. Kh\u1eed ion n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5t cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (m\u1ee9c WFI). N\u1ed3i c\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304\/316 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7y tinh b\u1ec1n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u1eed ion (trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion):<\/strong> nh\u1ef1a trao \u0111\u1ed5i cation v\u00e0 anion lo\u1ea1i ion h\u00f2a tan, c\u1ea3 kh\u00ed h\u00f2a tan; clo t\u1ef1 do b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. H\u1ec7 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 h\u01a1n; c\u1ed9t nh\u1ef1a d\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 sinh ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y s\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (RO):<\/strong> \u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc qua m\u00e0ng b\u00e1n th\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u; lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n, virus, ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y s\u1ed1t, ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n
        • Si\u00eau l\u1ecdc:<\/strong> m\u00e0ng th\u1ea5m t\u00e1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          N\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam (WFI)<\/strong> c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n n\u00ean kh\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Theo s\u00e1ch, Ph.Eur. 2005 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t; USP v\u00e0 JP cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 si\u00eau l\u1ecdc. (Ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1ch) T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017, Ph.Eur. \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t WFI b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tinh ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u1ea7n) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (\u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1eed ion, si\u00eau l\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n

          Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n
            \n
          • Vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ecdi kh\u00e2u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. N\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc (biofilm)<\/strong> \u2013 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/li>\n
          • Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi sinh: WFI d\u00f9ng l\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng 0,45 \u00b5m v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch m\u1eabu l\u1edbn (100\u2013300 mL); n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng l\u1ecdc m\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u0129a. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t\/kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t cho l\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n
          • Th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc DQ, IQ, OQ, PQ; sau \u0111\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c<\/h2>\n
              \n
            • N\u01b0\u1edbc an to\u00e0n trong d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m khi \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi sinh. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u01a1n dung d\u1ecbch sinh l\u00fd (n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd, dung d\u1ecbch Ringer) do nh\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li>\n
            • U\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i. N\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y s\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n
            • N\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m, calci, s\u1eaft, magnesi, kali, natri, k\u1ebdm; c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c (arsen, bari, cadmi, crom, cyanid, ch\u00ec, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, selen) nguy h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c \u2013 WHO v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quy chu\u1ea9n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n
            • LD50<\/sub> (chu\u1ed9t nh\u1eaft, m\u00e0ng b\u1ee5ng): 25 g\/kg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/h2>\n
                \n
              • C\u00f3 trong thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1i Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00f3 chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong BP, JP, Ph.Eur. v\u00e0 USP. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00ecm khu\u1ea9n pha ti\u00eam, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 CO2<\/sub>, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00edt, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t pha ti\u00eam v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda, n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam.<\/p>\n

                Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n

                N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CPC1 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn Water<\/em> trong: Rowe R.C., Sheskey P.J., Owen S.C. (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients<\/em>, \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n 5. Pharmaceutical Press (London) & American Pharmacists Association (Washington DC), 2006. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u00e9p nguy\u00ean v\u0103n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c; c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                \u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda: c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o do CPC1 v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng khai.<\/em><\/p>\n

                L\u01b0u \u00fd: th\u00f4ng tin mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2006. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u2014 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                N\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5ng \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc N\u01b0\u1edbc (H2O) l\u00e0 t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i, ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 100% c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, v\u1eeba d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Kh\u00e1c m\u1ecdi t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng mua […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2699,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[122],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ta-duoc"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nuoc-duoc-dung.png",1200,675,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nuoc-duoc-dung-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nuoc-duoc-dung-300x169.png",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nuoc-duoc-dung-768x432.png",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nuoc-duoc-dung-1024x576.png",1024,576,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nuoc-duoc-dung.png",1200,675,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nuoc-duoc-dung.png",1200,675,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/nuoc-duoc-dung-18x10.png",18,10,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"cpc1vn","author_link":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/author\/cpc1vn\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"N\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5ng \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc pha ti\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc N\u01b0\u1edbc (H2O) l\u00e0 t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i, ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 100% c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, v\u1eeba d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Kh\u00e1c m\u1ecdi t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng mua…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2700"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3333,"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2700\/revisions\/3333"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cpc1.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}